Том 19 № 1

Постійне посилання зібрання

Переглянути

Нові надходження

Зараз показуємо 1 - 5 з 9
  • Документ
    RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH TO LABOR PROTECTION AT GRAIN PROCESS ENTERPRISES
    (2019) O. FESENKO, V. LYSYUK, Z. SAKHAROVA
    The article focuses on the introduction of a risk-oriented approach to labor protection at the enterprises of the grain processing industry. Such an approach is imperative in modern conditions in accordance with the Concept of reforming the system of labor protection management. This will involve the introduction of the proactive principle of “preventive actions” (prevention of hazardous events and situations) instead of the existing reactive principle of “corrective actions” (response to hazardous events and situations). A risk-oriented approach to occupational safety and health is the basis for the formation of a new national system for prevention of the operational risks. In the grain process enterprises, which have agreed their policy on labor protection with international standards, there has been an increase and improvement of the responsibility and competency of the ordinary employees and managers in the safety field, the risk of on-the-job injury has decreased. Improvement of the system of labor protection and risk management at enterprises should be carried out according to State Standard (DSTU) ISO 31000:2018 “Risk Management. Guidelines (ISO 31000:2018, IDT))”. The purpose of the standard is to reduce operational risks to an acceptable level. The main stages of the risk management process are presented. Identification of hazards, risk assessment, definition of security measures is a constituent and integral part of such a system. This is necessary to identify and understand the dangers that may arise in the course of an enterprise's activity, to assess the risk arising from a particular hazard, and to take measures to reduce the probability of occurrence of hazards. At the enterprises of the grain process industry, the identification of hazards consists in the definition of all objects, situations or actions (or their combination) that are inherent in an enterprise's activities and present a potential threat to the health and life of workers. At the same time, the different types of works and situations are considered in order to identify the dangers that are constantly present in normal working conditions, as well as the hazards, the impact of which is possible in case of deviation from normal working conditions and emergencies. Examples of possible hazardous factors at such enterprises are given. The adequacy of the existing security measures, the need for heir improvement or the introduction of other security measures are determined based on the results of the risk assessment.
  • Документ
    ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF FLOUR FROM DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF A FLOUR MILL
    (2019) D. ZHYGYNOV, V. KOVALOVA, A. DRAGOMYR, H. ZHYHUNOVA, К. ZHANABAYEVA
    Research in the article is aimed to determining the quality of flour from different systems of the technological process of a wheat milling. Samples of flour were obtained at the mill "Rivne Boroshno". Private enterprise "Rivne Boroshno" is one of the largest producers of wheat flour in the western region with a capacity of 180 tons /day. Flour obtained from various systems of milling process, has a very large variety of quality indicators. Whiteness, Gluten Deformation Index, Gluten Content, Protein Content, Ash Content, Water Absorbing Capacity, FN, SD, the rheological properties of dough on the Mixolab device, as well as the quality of baked bread have been evaluated.During the study, the variability of flour quality indicators on various systems was found. Whiteness varied – from 1 to 71 units, Gluten Deformation Index – from 40 to 100 units, Gluten Content – from 2 to 36 %, Protein Content – from 9,8 to 18,2 %, the FN – from 275 to 374 s, SD – from 15 to 30,3 UCD, Ash Content – from 0,31 to 2,23 %, Water Absorbing Capacity – from 53,5 to69,7 %. In the process of grinding grain and intermediate products, more than twenty flour streams of different quality are producedat the flour mill. From these streams it is required to receive only one or several grades of flour. Naturally, if only one variety is produced, then all flows from different systems are sent to it. The weighted average quality indicators of flour should comply with the requirements of the standard for this grade in terms of Ash Content, Gluten Content, etc.The maximum Ash Content is observed in the streams from the last reduction systems, as well as from break systems in the milling process, where products with a large number of brans are milled. At the same time, the flour from the central parts of the endosperm is slightly less gluten, but more starch than in the flour from the peripheral parts of the endosperm, which are grinding on subsequent reduction systems. For the research, samples of flour were taken from each system of the technological process. For convenience, we have arranged them for quality using the indicator of whiteness. One of the main indicators of the quality of flour, which determines its grade, is whiteness. In the studied samples, the values of the whiteness index range from 71 to 1 unit.
  • Документ
    ASPECT OF MINIMIZATION AREAS OF «HUMAN FACTOR» IN LABOR SAFETY
    (2019) A. BOCHKOVSKYI, N. SAPOZHNIKOVA
    The article analyzes well-known semantic interpretations of the term "human factor" in the context of the evolutionary development of the safety component in "man-machine-environment" systems. It has been ascertained that single, recognized by law term "human factor" still does not exists, but the majority of researchers attribute this phenomenon to the human psycho-physiological reaction to changes in the environment. It is noted that this approach is erroneous because the manifestations of "human factor" at the individual level of each person should be considered in the context of the features of its three main components - biological, social and informational. The trends of the evolutionary development of the technosphere and the analysis of statistical data on occupational accidents, as well as industrial breakdowns and disasters, prove the need to introduce positive changes at the level of the "human factor" components. First of all, it concerns the information component, as the development of technologies over the past decade is far ahead of the level of training in the field of occupational safety, which does not allow maintaining the required level of occupational safety and labor culture in the conditions of a new range of previously unknown hazardous and harmful production factors. It was emphasized that necessary positive changes in the components of the "human factor" should be implemented as a part of the concept of sustainable humanity development, which provides for the development of three interrelated areas: economic, social and spiritual growth of society. Thus, basic directions that will minimize the negative effects of the "human factor" within functioning of the future complex systems "man machine-environment", are to increase the level of motivation for safe human behavior at production facilities and to form safety priorities over economic outcomes of enterprise’s activity. The possibility to implement such directions directly depends on the implementation of the relevant reforms in the system of secondary, vocational and higher education, as well as occupational safety and industrial safety regulatory framework in Ukraine.
  • Документ
    STUDY OF MOISTURE ABSORPTION OF SWEET CORN GRAIN OF DIFFERENT FRACTIONS
    (2019) S. SOTS, O. BUNYAK
    In Ukraine, as the raw material for the production of cereals, flour, flakes, the following main crops are used: wheat,barley, buckwheat, oats, corn, rice, millet, peas. The volume of world grain production has grown significantly in recentyears. In Ukraine, corn is the main fodder crop, and only a small amount is used as a food. Corn has the leading place amongthe major grain crops in world agricultural production. Corn grain production is concentrated in warm regions. In some regions,corn is the basis of the traditional nutrition of the population, but basically it forms part of the feed in the feeding offarm animals.Today about 3500 food and technological products are produced from corn. Corn can largely satisfy the needs oflivestock, its share is almost 30% of concentrated feed. With the advent of new directions in the development of biotechnologyin the world, the significance of this culture will increase even more. The programs of biofuel production are gaining momentum,in connection with which a significant expansion of the sown area under the corn is foreseen.In this article features of water-heat treatment of corn grain during preparation for processing are provided. Featuresof the use of hot and cold grain conditioning in the cereal industry are considered. In the course of this study, it wasdetermined that the optimum water temperature for humidifying corn sugar is 60 ºС. Using a certain water temperature duringhumidification will enable to perform more efficiently the directed change of technological properties of grain, to ensurethe high efficiency of its further processing. The results of research of the water absorption capacity of sugar corn grain arepresented. As can be seen from the research carried out to improve the efficiency of the STI and optimize the processing technology,the grain lots are fractionated into more homogeneous flows of physical properties and treated separately.
  • Документ
    THE CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPOUND FEEDS FOR CLARIAS GARIEPINUS
    (2019) B. IEGOROV, L. FIHURSKA, М. TERZI, O. RUHLENKO
    The article states that industrial fish farming in inland waters has become increasingly important in the recent years and it is one of the sources for satisfying the needs of people in the high-protein foods. The fish meat is an extremely rich source of proteins, which are easily digested, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, macro- and microelements. One of the priorities of the development of the fish farming in Ukraine is the cultivation of the Clarias gariepinus. Clarias gariepinus or African sharptooth catfish is a species of catfish of the family Clariidae, the airbreathing catfishes. In 2017, with the support of the Ukrainian State Agency, the Institute of Fisheries of Ukraine on the part of the state and the companies Vismar Aqua, Aquaprom and the Dutch company Trouw Nutrition («Skretting»), the program was developed to increase the cultivation of the Clarias gariepinus under the name Clarias gariepinus - 2020. The objective of the program is to provide 2020 tons of Clarias gariepinus until 2020. Today, the production of the Clarias gariepinus in Ukraine is about 500 tons per year; about50 farms are engaged in cultivation. That is why the production of balanced domestic compound feeds for Clarias gariepinus is an important task of the feed industry of Ukraine. The theoretical study was devoted to the problem of the production of compound feeds for the Clarias gariepinus. The nutritional value of compound feeds for Clarias gariepinus a depends on the stage of the life cycle of this species of fish. The above world leaders are manufacturers of compound feeds for Clarias gariepinus, the analysis of granule size and nutritional value of compound feeds on the content of crude protein in prestarting, starting, growth and finishing periods respectively. The requirements for the content of essential and non-essential amino acids, minerals (micro and micronutrients), waterand fat soluble vitamins and restrictions on the content of crude fiber are given. Indicated the main and additional raw materials, traditionally used in the manufacture of data feed advanced companies. The main components are fish meal, produced under relatively low drying conditions, wing meal, corn and wheat gluten, soy products, by-products of extraction oil and press production oil (soya, sunflower and other cakes and meals), premisex, carotenoids like astaxanthin. The feeding programs of the Clarias gariepinus of various manufacturers have been analyzed and their own feeding program has been developed for this species of fish; it divides the period of cultivation of the Clarias gariepinus into prelaunch, starting, growth and finishing ones. For prestart mixed feeds, the content of crude protein should be at least 45%, raw fat at least 12%, raw fiber not more than 1.8%, gross energy not less than 13.7 MJ, raw ash not more than 8%. For starter feed, the content of crude protein should be at least 42%, raw fat at least 12%, raw fiber not more than 3%, gross energy not less than 13.1 MJ,raw ash not more than 9.5%. For grower’s feeds, the content of crude protein should be at least 38%, raw fat at least 12%, crude fiber not more than 3%, gross energy not less than 12 MJ, raw ash not more than 9.5%.