Підвищення ефективності формування та оцінки якості партій пшениці різного призначення
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Дата
2021-05-12
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Назва журналу
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Назва тому
Видавець
ОНАХТ
Анотація
Дисертація на здобуття науковоrо ступеня кандидата технічних наук (доктора філософії) за спеціальністю 05.18.02 «Технологія зернових, бобових, круп'яних лродуктів і комбікормів, олійних і луб'яних культур.
Дисертація присвячена удосконаленню та підвищенню ефективності формування та оцінки якості партій пшениці різного призначення, що в свою чергу приведе до більш раціонального використання зернового потенціалу та збільшення прибутків від реалізації сформованих партій.
У роботі досліджено та визначено показники якості згідно з ДСТУ, фізико-механічні, гігроскопічні властивості пшениці, зaлежність впливу на якісні показники різних чинників (факторів), досліджено вплив крупності фракцій на показники якості, вивчено змішувальні властивості партій пшениці.
За результатами вивченої теоретичної інформації та практичних досліджень запропоновано введення на підприємствах етапу формування партій шляхом змішування для отримання партій зерна підвищеної якості. Окрім того, один з можливих варіантів отримання прибутку — фракціонування — виділення з партій певної фракції, що має підвищені показники якості. Визначено економічну ефективність від впровадження рекомендацій роботи.
Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences (Doctor of Philos-ophy) in specialty 05.18.02 "Technology of cereals, legumes, cereals and feed, oilseeds and bast crops". The dissertation is devoted to the development of rational methods for assessing and controlling the impact on the quality indicators and the formation of batches of wheat for various purposes, which will increase the efficiency of using the grain poten-tial and the grain fund. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the state of the grain market in Ukraine, the quantity and quality of wheat grain for various purposes. For the period 2000-2019 shows the annual fluctuating tendencies of changes in most indicators of grain production in Ukraine: growth in yields and gross harvest of wheat, the nature of wheat, falling numbers, protein and gluten content, the content of grains damaged by a bug-turtle. The analysis of methods for determining indicators of wheat quality according to international and domestic standards is presented. It is shown that most indicators of wheat quality have similar methods of determination, however, there are differences in some indicators of quality and their use. Changes in the quality indicators of wheat grain in the southern regions of Ukraine in 2016 harvest were investigated and ranges of their values were established. It was shown that the nature of all samples of wheat of 2 ... 6 classes exceeded the stan-dard values. More than 50% of wheat of 5 and 6 classes exceeded the standard values for wheat of 3 classes both in protein content (>11.0%) and in gluten content (>18%), and in terms of gluten quality they met the requirements of class 2 wheat (45. .. 100 units of the IDK device). The falling number significantly exceeded the norm (180 s) even for class 2 wheat. Shown is the heterogeneity of grain masses by individual quality indicators. Differences in the results of determining the quantity and quality of gluten by var-ious methods (manual and mechanical) have been investigated, which can lead to an in-correct determination of the class of wheat. To calculate the amount of gluten based on the protein content, depending on the methods of washing, linear equations are proposed. The nature and tendencies of changes in the quality of gluten depending on the content of the grains damaged by the bug-turtle were investigated. To predict the tendencies of possible values of gluten quality indicators depending on the content of grains damaged by the bug-turtle, empirical dependencies were obtained. It was found that when the content of damaged grains is up to 2.0%, the IDC quality index increases by 1.3 conventional units for each percentage increase in the number of damaged grains, and when their content is in the range of 2.0...5.0%, the IDC indicator increases by 14.0 conventional units. It is shown that the fractionation of wheat by size leads to changes in them of individual quality indicators. With an increase in the grain size, the mass of 1000 grains increases more — by 3.02 times. Other indicators grow in this way (%): glassiness by 43.0; the amount of gluten by 15.0; falling number 8.5; the nature and quality of gluten by 4.8. Using separate fractions of wheat grain, when forming batches of a certain target purpose, it is possible to adjust such quality indicators as the mass of 1000 grains, vitreousness, to a certain extent the amount of gluten and a slight fall number. To prevent significant deviations in the direction of deteriorating the quality of the formed batch of wheat, it is necessary for the ambassador of calculating its composi-tion to conduct an experimental clarification of quality indicators, especially for the quantity and quality of gluten, which do not obey the law of mixing. It is shown that the use of linear programming methods, implemented in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor, makes it possible to obtain batches of the optimal composition of food wheat of high quality from non-food wheat grain. This allows enterprises to receive additional income due to the difference in their prices.
Dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences (Doctor of Philos-ophy) in specialty 05.18.02 "Technology of cereals, legumes, cereals and feed, oilseeds and bast crops". The dissertation is devoted to the development of rational methods for assessing and controlling the impact on the quality indicators and the formation of batches of wheat for various purposes, which will increase the efficiency of using the grain poten-tial and the grain fund. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the state of the grain market in Ukraine, the quantity and quality of wheat grain for various purposes. For the period 2000-2019 shows the annual fluctuating tendencies of changes in most indicators of grain production in Ukraine: growth in yields and gross harvest of wheat, the nature of wheat, falling numbers, protein and gluten content, the content of grains damaged by a bug-turtle. The analysis of methods for determining indicators of wheat quality according to international and domestic standards is presented. It is shown that most indicators of wheat quality have similar methods of determination, however, there are differences in some indicators of quality and their use. Changes in the quality indicators of wheat grain in the southern regions of Ukraine in 2016 harvest were investigated and ranges of their values were established. It was shown that the nature of all samples of wheat of 2 ... 6 classes exceeded the stan-dard values. More than 50% of wheat of 5 and 6 classes exceeded the standard values for wheat of 3 classes both in protein content (>11.0%) and in gluten content (>18%), and in terms of gluten quality they met the requirements of class 2 wheat (45. .. 100 units of the IDK device). The falling number significantly exceeded the norm (180 s) even for class 2 wheat. Shown is the heterogeneity of grain masses by individual quality indicators. Differences in the results of determining the quantity and quality of gluten by var-ious methods (manual and mechanical) have been investigated, which can lead to an in-correct determination of the class of wheat. To calculate the amount of gluten based on the protein content, depending on the methods of washing, linear equations are proposed. The nature and tendencies of changes in the quality of gluten depending on the content of the grains damaged by the bug-turtle were investigated. To predict the tendencies of possible values of gluten quality indicators depending on the content of grains damaged by the bug-turtle, empirical dependencies were obtained. It was found that when the content of damaged grains is up to 2.0%, the IDC quality index increases by 1.3 conventional units for each percentage increase in the number of damaged grains, and when their content is in the range of 2.0...5.0%, the IDC indicator increases by 14.0 conventional units. It is shown that the fractionation of wheat by size leads to changes in them of individual quality indicators. With an increase in the grain size, the mass of 1000 grains increases more — by 3.02 times. Other indicators grow in this way (%): glassiness by 43.0; the amount of gluten by 15.0; falling number 8.5; the nature and quality of gluten by 4.8. Using separate fractions of wheat grain, when forming batches of a certain target purpose, it is possible to adjust such quality indicators as the mass of 1000 grains, vitreousness, to a certain extent the amount of gluten and a slight fall number. To prevent significant deviations in the direction of deteriorating the quality of the formed batch of wheat, it is necessary for the ambassador of calculating its composi-tion to conduct an experimental clarification of quality indicators, especially for the quantity and quality of gluten, which do not obey the law of mixing. It is shown that the use of linear programming methods, implemented in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet processor, makes it possible to obtain batches of the optimal composition of food wheat of high quality from non-food wheat grain. This allows enterprises to receive additional income due to the difference in their prices.
Опис
Пенаки, А. А. Підвищення ефективності формування та оцінки якості партій пшениці різного призначення : автореф. дис. ... канд. техн. наук : спец. 05.18.02 "Технологія зернових, бобових, круп`яних продуктів і комбікормів, олійних і луб`яних культур" : захищена 12.05.21 / Пенаки Анна Андріївна ; наук. кер. Г. М. Станкевич ; Одес. нац. акад. харч. технологій. — Одеса : ОНАХТ, 2021. — 22 с.
Ключові слова
зерно пшениці, показники якості, клейковина, крупність фракцій, змішувальні властивості, формування партій зерна, wheat grain, quality indicators, gluten, size of fractions, mixing properties, formation of grain batches