The Joule-Thomson Effect for Refrigerants with Dopants of the Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

The importance of thermodynamic and phase behavior of working fluids embedded with nanostructured materials is fundamental to new nanotechnology applications. The fullerenes (C60) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) adding to refrigerants change their thermodynamic properties the Joule – Thomson effect such as dislocation of critical point, gas – liquid equilibria shift at alias. Algorithm of refrigerant thermodynamic property calculations based on the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technologies) equation of state at different carbon nanotube concentrations is proposed. Thermodynamic properties of carbon dioxide in the C60 and CNT presence are given. Considering the extremely large number of different both nanoparticle types and reference fluids, it is obvious that there is need for developing theoretically sound methods of the prompt estimation thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria for emerging working media. The effect of nanoparticles on the critical point shift for classical fluids doped by nanoparticles is examined. The regular and singular parts of thermodynamic surface of reference fluid and nanofluid (volume nanoparticle concentration < 5%) are suggested to coincide in the reduced form. The shift of critical point for nanoliquids of industrial interest is theoretically predicted. Results of calculations of phase equilibria for some nanofluids are described.